The Complete Glossary of CPG Terms
If you've ever found yourself in a meeting room filled with finance, tech, and sales people, you know the feeling of your head spinning as they start throwing around their own language of acronyms and terms. It can be overwhelming to keep up with all the jargon, especially when it comes to Trade Promotion Management.
To help make sense of it all, we've put together a comprehensive glossary of TPx acronyms and terms to help you navigate the complex world of trade promotions with confidence.
% ACV Distribution
All Commodity Volume Distribution Percentage
A measure used in the consumer packaged goods industry to assess the market presence or distribution of a particular brand or product across different retail outlets or channels.
It indicates the percentage of total sales volume within a given market or category that is covered by a specific brand or product.
% ACV with Merchandising
All Commodity Volume Merchandising Percentage
A method of measuring the breadth of merchandising support. Typically used to evaluate merchandising conditions like feature or display.
% Discount
% Discount refers to the percentage reduction or price reduction from shelf price offered on a product.
% of Stores Selling
% of Stores Selling refers to the percentage of retail stores or outlets that carry and sell a particular product.
% Subsidized Volume
Subsidized Volume Percentage
The percent of promoted volume that would have been sold if there were no promotion, i.e. promoted volume that is also base volume.
2-for/BOGO
2 for 1 or Buy one Get one free
Receive the value of two for the price of one.
Abs Chg
Absolute Change
The process of assessing the change to a number of variables across financial years.
Abs Dis
Absolute Discount
The monetary difference between a product’s regular sale price and the lower promotional price.
Abs Mp
Absolute-Minimum Pricing
The absolute lowest price a product can be sold for.
ACN/NIQ
AC Nielsen Company/Nielsen IQ
ACN, or Nielsen, is a syndicated data supplier, now called NielsenIQ.
ACR
Accrual
The recognition of revenues or expenses in a company's financial statements before the cash is actually received or paid. This is based on the accounting principle of matching revenues and expenses in the period in which they are incurred, regardless of when the cash transaction occurs
ACV
All Commodity Volume
A metric used in the retail industry to measure the total sales dollars for a given geography (Total, Market, Retailer) - This measurement includes all products sold by the store.
Ad Allowance
Advertising Allowance
The amount of money a manufacturer pays a retailer to advertise and promote a product or brand.
Ad Feature
Advertising Feature
A promotional tactic in which a manufacturer’s product is featured in an advertisement, either print or digital.
AI
Artificial Intelligence
AI involves the creation of computer systems capable of emulating human intelligence to perform a wide range of tasks. These tasks encompass various areas, including machine learning models, speech recognition, visual perception, decision-making, language translators, and more.
AIC
Average Items Carried
Refers to the average number of unique products or items that a retailer or store carries in its inventory or assortment.
AIS
Average Items Selling
Average Items Selling refers to the average number of units or quantity of products sold per specified time period.
Any Merch
Any Merchandising
Refers to any in-store merchandising activity, including features, displays, temporary price reductions, or any combination thereof.
Any Promo
Any Promotion
Same as any merchandising.
AOC
All Outlet Combined
Refers to the collective or aggregate data, metrics, or information encompassing all outlets or retail locations.
AOP
Annual Operating Plan
A strategic and financial plan that outlines the goals, targets, and operational activities of a business for a specific fiscal year.
API
Application Programming Interface
A set of routines, protocols, and tools for building software and applications.
ARPU
Average Retail Price per Unit
Refers to the average price at which a single unit or item of a product is sold to consumers in a retail setting.
ASP
Average Selling Price
The average price at which a company's products or services are sold over a specific period. ASP is calculated by dividing the total revenue generated from sales by the total number of units sold
Assortment
Assortment refers to the range or variety of products or items available for sale within a particular category or store. It encompasses the different options, variations, and choices offered to customers.
Attribute
Refers to a specific characteristic or feature of a product.
Audits
Audits refer to systematic and independent examinations or inspections conducted to assess and verify compliance, accuracy, or adherence to established standards, procedures, or regulations.
Avg. Price
Average Price
Refers to the mean or typical price of a product or service. It is calculated by dividing the total revenue generated from sales by the number of units or items sold.
B2B
Business-to-business
Business sells to other businesses (CPG manufacturers are B2B since they sell product to retail outlets who sell to the end consumer).
B2C
Business-to-consumer
Businesses that sell to consumers (Grocery stores are B2C, although B2C is becoming more popular for CPG manufacturers as well).
Banner
Refers to a specific brand, name, or label under which a group of stores or outlets operate.
Barcode
A visual representation of data that consists of a series of parallel lines or patterns printed on products, packaging, or labels. It is used to uniquely identify and track products in a retail or supply chain environment.
Base Price
Refers to the shelf price of a product before any discounts, promotions, or adjustments are applied. It represents the starting point or baseline value for pricing calculations.
Base Sales
Refers to the sales or revenue generated by a product or category without any promotional or seasonal factors impacting the figures.
Base Volume
Volume sold in the absence of a trade promotion.
Baseline
Volume sold in absence of a promotion.
BI
Business Intelligence
Set of tools and methodologies that can analyze, manage, and deliver information which is relevant to the business.
It includes reporting/query tools and dashboard same as found in analytics. BI technologies provide previous, current, and upcoming views of the business operations.
BOM
Bill of material
A list of all the components, parts, materials, and sub-assemblies required to manufacture or assemble a finished product.
Billback
Method of promotional payment where the retailer bills back to the manufacturer for the agreed promotional performance or deducts the amount they are owed from their invoice.
BOGO
Buy One, Get One
A promotional offer where customers purchase one product and receive another product of the same or lesser value either for free or at a discounted price.
BOGOF
Buy One, Get One Free
A promotional offer where customers purchase one product and receive another product of the same or lesser value for free.
BOGOHO
Buy One, Get One Half Off
A promotional offer where customers purchase one product at full price and receive another product of the same or lesser value at a 50% discount.
Bottom-up sales plan
A bottom-up sales plan is a sales forecasting and planning approach that starts with individual sales representatives or smaller business units. It involves aggregating their sales projections to create an overall sales plan for the organization.
Brand agencies
Brand agencies, also known as branding agencies or brand consultancies, are companies or firms specializing in providing strategic and creative services to help businesses develop and enhance their brand identities.
Brand detailing
Brand detailing refers to the process of communicating and promoting a brand's value proposition, features, and benefits to potential customers or clients.
Branding
Branding is the strategic process of creating and managing a unique and distinct identity for a product, service, or company.
Break-even point
The break-even point is the level of sales or revenue at which total costs (fixed and variable costs) are equal to total revenue, resulting in neither profit nor loss.
Brick and Click
A business model where a company integrates offline (brick) and online (click) presence.
Broker
A person/company that buys and sells goods or assets for others. Some CPG manufacturers employ brokers to sell their products into channels and retailers that they typically could not get into on their own.
Budgets & funds
Budgets and Funds refer to the financial resources allocated or set aside for specific purposes within an organization.
Bump Chart
A Bump Chart is a common data visualization tool that displays base sales, incremental sales, and average price, effectively illustrating the "bump" in sales that occurs when prices decrease due to promotional activities.
Buyer
In a business context, a buyer is an individual or entity responsible for making purchasing decisions on behalf of an organization.
Buying Committee
A Buying Committee, also known as a Purchasing Committee or Procurement Committee, refers to a group of individuals within an organization who collectively evaluate and make purchasing decisions.
Buying Rate
Buying Rate refers to the number of units (or dollars) of a product that a consumer typically makes over a given period.
Cannibalization
Volume stolen from a competitive product(s) or other product(s) in a manufacturer’s product line from either new products or from promoting similar products.
For example, when Company A’s cookies are on promotion, Company B sees decline in Product B, and Company A sees decline in Product C.
Cart abandonment rate
Cart abandonment rate is a metric that measures the percentage of online shopping carts that are abandoned by customers without completing the purchase.
Case Code
A case code is a unique identifier or label assigned to a specific case of a product for tracking and inventory management purposes.
C&C
Cash & Carry
Cash & carry is a type of wholesale trade model in which customers, typically businesses or retailers, purchase goods directly from a wholesale supplier or warehouse on a cash basis.
Cash flow
Cash flow refers to the movement of money into and out of a business over a specific period.
Category Analysis
Category analysis is a process of evaluating and analyzing the performance, trends, and consumer dynamics of a specific product category within a retail environment.
Category management
Category management is a strategic approach used by retailers and consumer packaged goods companies to effectively manage and optimize product category sales and profit.
Census
Census refers to a systematic and comprehensive collection of data or information about a specific population, group, or geographic area.
Channel of Trade
Retail chains are grouped by the type of stores they provide, typical channels are grocery, foodservice, mass, drug, dollar, natural, and club.
CID
Cost per Increased Dollar
The cost of gaining and incremental dollar in sales.
Circular
A type of advertisement sent to a large amount of consumers and distributed in store, typically includes current sales and promotions.
Click and Collect
Order from a website and collect from the retailer’s physical location.
Co-op
An advertising allowance offered by a vendor, payable upon proof of an ad having been run.
Co-pack fee
A co-pack fee, short for co-packing fee, is a cost or charge incurred when a company outsources the production or packaging of its products to a co-packer.
Co-packer
A co-packer, short for co-manufacturer or contract packager, is a third-party company that specializes in manufacturing, packaging, or both, on behalf of other companies.
COGs
Cost of Goods Sold
The direct costs associated with producing and delivering a company's products or services. COGs include the cost of materials, direct labor, and overhead expenses related to the production and delivery of the product or service.
Commercial invoice
A commercial invoice is a legal document provided by a seller to a buyer that itemizes the goods or services sold.
Commercialization
Commercialization refers to the process of introducing a new product or service into the market and making it available for sale to customers.
Competitive analysis
Competitive analysis is the process of assessing and evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of competitors within a specific market or industry.
CRMA
Competitive Retailer Marketing Area
Competitive Retailer Marketing Area refers to a geographic region or market area, defined by a specific retailer, but including the retailer’s competitors.
Consumer
A consumer is an individual or organization that purchases goods or services to satisfy personal needs, desires, or business requirements.
Consumer behavior
Consumer behavior refers to the study of how individuals, groups, or organizations make decisions and engage in activities related to acquiring, using, and disposing of products, services, or ideas.
Consumer goods analytics
Consumer goods analytics refers to the application of data analysis techniques and tools to extract insights and derive actionable information from data related to consumer goods.
Consumer goods cloud platform
A consumer goods cloud platform refers to a cloud-based software platform or solution specifically designed for the consumer goods industry.
CPG
Consumer Packaged Goods
Consumer Packaged Goods refers to products that are consumed daily by individuals or households. CPG typically includes items such as food and beverages, personal care products, household cleaning products, over-the-counter medications, and other products purchased and used on a regular basis.
Consumer Promotion
Consumer promotion refers to marketing activities and strategies aimed at enticing and motivating consumers to purchase a particular product or service.
Contracted price / Purchase quantity
Contracted price refers to the agreed-upon price for a product or service as outlined in a contractual agreement between a buyer and a seller.
Contribution Margin
The difference between total sales revenue and total variable costs. The term is applied to a product line and is generally expressed as a percentage.
Convenience
Convenience refers to the ease, comfort, and practicality offered by a product, service, or retail experience in meeting customer needs or solving problems.
C-store
Convenience Channel
A convenience channel, also known as a convenience store channel or c-store channel, refers to a specific type of retail channel that specializes in providing a wide range of convenience products and services.
Conversion rate
Conversion rate is a metric that measures the percentage of visitors or potential customers who complete a desired action or goal, such as making a purchase, signing up for a newsletter, or filling out a form.
Coupon
A voucher entitling the holder to discount a particular product.
CRM
Customer Relationship Management
Customer Relationship Management refers to the strategies, practices, and technologies used by businesses to manage and analyze interactions with their customers. CRM often also refers to the software, such as Salesforce, used to manage the above.
Cross-Merchandising
Cross-merchandising refers to a retail strategy where complementary or related products are displayed and promoted together to encourage additional purchases.
CWW
Cumulative Weighted Week
The reach and frequency of merchandising support is assessed over a given period of time.
Customer segmentation
Customer segmentation is the process of dividing a company's customer base into distinct groups or segments based on shared characteristics, behaviors, or demographics.
CX
Customer Experience
The impression the company makes on its customers. This includes direct interactions with the organization’s stores and employees as well as the overall perception of the brand.
Data Harmonization
The process of aligning data from various sources (both internal and external), and transforming it into one cohesive data set.
DBA
Database Administrator
DBA is the big data term related to a role which includes capacity planning, configuration, database design, performance monitoring, migration, troubleshooting, security, backups and data recovery.
DBA is responsible for maintaining and supporting the rectitude of content and structure of a database.
DC
Distribution Center
A Distribution Center is a facility used by companies to store, manage, and distribute their products to retailers, wholesalers, or directly to end customers.
Dead Stock
How retailers classify products that have never sold or have been in stock for a really long time.
Deal Pack
A deal pack refers to a promotional package or bundle offered to customers as part of a marketing or sales promotion. It typically includes multiple products or services bundled together at a discounted price or with added value.
Deductions
Deductions, also known as trade deductions or trade spend deductions, are reductions in the amount owed by a customer to a supplier or manufacturer due to promotional expenses, order shorts, spoilages, etc.
Delivered pricing
Delivered pricing refers to the total cost of a product or service, including the price of the item and any associated delivery or shipping charges.
Demand forecast
A demand forecast is an estimate or projection of the expected quantity or level of demand for a product or service over a specific period.
Demand plan
A demand plan is a comprehensive document or strategy that outlines how a company plans to meet anticipated customer demand for its products or services.
Depletion Data
Depletion data captures the drawdown of product from a location, typically a distributor warehouse. Also called warehouse withdrawal or spin data.
Direct Buyer
A direct buyer is an individual or entity responsible for purchasing products directly from manufacturers or suppliers on behalf of a company.
DSD
Direct Store Delivery
Direct Store Delivery, also known as DSD, is a distribution model where manufacturers or suppliers bypass traditional distribution centers and deliver products directly to retail stores or outlets.
Discounts
Discounts refer to price reductions or reductions in the cost of goods or services.
Disp
Display
Any arrangement or presentation of products that are designed to draw attention, engage customers, and drive sales. In the context of the grocery industry it is typically a secondary location away from the main shelf set.
Display Execution
Display execution refers to the implementation and arrangement of product displays in retail environments.
Distribution channel
A distribution channel refers to the pathway or route through which products or services move from the manufacturer to the end consumer.
Distributor
A distributor is a company or entity that purchases products from manufacturers or suppliers and resells them to retailers, other distributors, or end consumers.
Distributors’ Brand
Distributors' brand, also known as private label or store brand, refers to a brand that is owned or developed by a distributor or retailer rather than a manufacturer.
Dollar Sales
Dollar sales refer to the total revenue generated from the sales of products or services, measured in monetary terms (dollars). It represents the actual amount of money generated by selling a specific product or category over a given period.
Double stacking
Double stacking refers to a warehousing and logistics practice in which pallets or containers are stacked vertically on top of each other to maximize storage space or transportation efficiency.
DTC
Direct to Consumer
Direct-to-Consumer refers to a business model in which companies sell their products or services directly to end consumers without involving intermediaries such as retailers or distributors.
E-commerce
Electronic Commerce
E-commerce, short for electronic commerce, refers to the buying and selling of goods and services over the internet or through electronic platforms.
Early Bird Allowance
An Early Bird Allowance is a promotional discount or incentive offered to retailers or customers who place orders or make purchases ahead of a specific deadline or early in a promotional period.
EDI
Electronic Data Interchange
Electronic Data Interchange is the computer-to-computer exchange of business documents in a standardized electronic format.
EDLP
Everyday Low Price
Everyday low price refers to the long-term discounted retail price.
E-tail
Electronic Retailing
Electronic retailing, also known as e-tailing or online retailing, refers to the process of selling products or services to consumers through electronic platforms such as websites, mobile apps, or other digital channels.
EPOS
Electronic Point of Sale
Electronic point of sale refers to the electronic way for shoppers to pay.
EQ
Equivalized Sales
Physical volume of product sold at retail expressed in a common unit relevant to the category such as ounces or pounds. Useful when comparing products of different sizes.
ERP
Enterprise Resource Planning
A process of managing crucial day-to-day activities and other parts of business. It’s often assisted by software and technology.
ETL
Extract, Transform and Load
These three functions are combined into one tool to move them from one database to another.
Event
A special promotion, off-price sale, show, store wide sale, or merchandise import fair.
F&D
Feature & Display
A retail merchandising event that combines feature and display on the same products, in the same stores at the same time.
FCR
First Contact Resolution
A customer service metric that measures the ability of a customer service team or contact center to address and resolve customer issues or inquiries during the initial contact with the customer.
FDMx
Food/Drug/Mass
A retail market segment (see FDM), excluding Walmart.
Feat
Feature
An advertisement of a product in a printed or electronic flier.
KAM
Key Account Manager
A field representative, also known as a field sales representative or field service representative, is an individual who represents a company or organization in the field.
FIFO
First-In, First-Out
An inventory management method used to track and manage the flow of goods based on their acquisition or production dates.
Fixed Price
Fixed price refers to a set or predetermined price that remains constant and does not change regardless of market conditions, demand, or other external factors.
Fixed trade spend
Fixed trade spend refers to a predetermined or fixed amount of money allocated by a manufacturer or supplier for trade promotions, incentives, or marketing activities with retailers or trade partners.
FMCG
Fast Moving Consumer Goods
Products that are sold quickly and at a relatively low cost. FMCG products are typically consumed or used on a daily or frequent basis, and include items such as food and beverages, personal care products, cleaning supplies, and household goods.
FOB
Free On Board
FOB destination is a pricing term indicating the buyer is responsible for all costs associated with the delivery of the goods to the buyer's designated destination. The seller is responsible for the cost of the goods, but not for the cost of delivering the goods to the buyer's destination.
Forecasting
Forecasting refers to the process of estimating or predicting future events, trends, or outcomes based on historical data, statistical models, and relevant information.
Forward buy
When a retailer purchases more than they expect the consumer sell-through to be during a promotion.
Freight class
A standardized classification system used in the transportation industry to categorize and determine the shipping rates for different types of freight.
Freight forwarder
A freight forwarder is a company or intermediary that specializes in arranging and coordinating the transportation of goods on behalf of shippers or importers.
FSP
Frequent Shopper Program
A frequent shopper program, also known as a loyalty program or rewards program, is a marketing initiative implemented by retailers or businesses to encourage customer loyalty and repeat purchases.
FSDU
Free Standing Display Units
Standalone displays that present specific available products. They’re used in the retail industry to influence buying patterns.
FSI
Free Standing Insert
A free standing insert is a manufacturer coupon, included in a printed coupon insert, for use at retail, typically found in Sunday newspapers.
FTL
Full Truck Load
A mode of transportation where the entire capacity of a truck is utilized by a single shipment or cargo.
Fulfilment
Fulfillment refers to the process of completing an order or request for goods or services.
Generic Brand
A generic brand, also known as a store brand or private label, refers to a product that is marketed and sold under the retailer's own brand name rather than a well-known or national brand.
GFSI
Global Food Safety Initiative
A worldwide collaborative initiative that aims to enhance food safety and promote harmonization of food safety standards across the global food industry.
Giveaway
A promotional activity or event where items or prizes are given away for free to participants.
GM
Gross Margin
A financial metric that measures the profitability of a company's products or services.
It is calculated by subtracting the cost of goods sold (COGS) from the revenue generated by sales and expressing the result as a percentage of revenue.
Gross profit margin %
Gross profit margin %, also known as gross margin percentage, is a financial metric that indicates the percentage of revenue that remains after deducting the cost of goods sold (COGS).
Gross revenue
Gross revenue refers to the total revenue generated by a company from the sale of goods or services before deducting any costs, expenses, or taxes.
Group Advertising
Group advertising refers to a marketing strategy where multiple brands or companies collaborate to share advertising costs, resources, or promotional activities.
GSV
Gross Sales Value
Gross Sales Value is a financial metric that represents the total value of goods or services sold or transacted on a platform or marketplace.
HS Code
Harmonized System Code
An internationally standardized system of product classification used for customs and trade purposes.
Incremental Sales
Incremental sales refer to the additional or extra sales generated as a result of a specific marketing activity, promotion, or initiative. Incremental sales in POS syndicated data specifically refers to the extra sales generated by in-store trade promotion events.
Incremental sales lift (Amount or %)
Incremental sales lift, often expressed as an amount or percentage, measures the increase in sales directly attributable to a specific marketing campaign, promotion, or intervention.
Indirect Selling
Indirect selling refers to a sales approach where products or services are sold through intermediaries or third-party channels rather than directly to end customers.
Institutional and Industrial Buyers
Institutional and industrial buyers are entities or organizations that purchase goods or services for business or non-consumer purposes.
Institutional buyers include organizations such as government agencies, educational institutions, and healthcare facilities that procure products or services to fulfill their specific needs.
Inventory management
Inventory management is the process of overseeing and controlling the flow, storage, and availability of goods or products within a company or organization.
Inventory Turnover
The number of times during a given period that the average inventory on hand is sold and replaced.
Invoices
Invoices are commercial documents that provide a detailed record of a transaction between a seller and a buyer.
IRI
Information Resources, Inc
IRI is a syndicated data supplier.
Items Per Hour
Items Per Hour is a productivity metric used in various industries, particularly in logistics, warehousing, and retail operations.
JBP
Joint Business Planning
Joint Business Planning is a collaborative approach to business planning and strategy development between two or more companies, typically a supplier and a retailer.
Keystone Price
Pricing method of marketing merchandise for resale to an amount that is double the wholesale price or cost of the product (50% gross margin on the sale of the product).
Kitting
Kitting is a process in which individual items or components are gathered, assembled, and packaged together as a single kit or set.
KPI
Key Performance Indicator
A measurable metric used to track and evaluate the performance of an individual, team, department, or organization in achieving specific objectives or goals.
Lift
The percentage of increased sales, calculated by dividing baseline sales by incremental sales, and multiplying the result by 100.
Line Extension
Line extension refers to the introduction of new products or variations within an existing product line or brand.
Line trial
Line trial is a marketing strategy that involves offering samples, trials, or promotions of a product line to encourage consumers to try and experience the products.
List Price
List price is the price at which the manufacturer will sell an item to a retailer or distributor. List prices will be marked up by distributors and retailers when setting a retail price.
Loss Leader
An item that’s sold below cost, or at a loss, in an effort to attract new customers. Retailers that use loss leaders rely on the fact that once customers are in the door, they buy other items that do turn a profit.
LTL
Less Than Truckload
Refers to a mode of transportation where shipments do not require the use of a full truckload but are combined with other shipments to fill a truck.
Margin control
Margin control refers to the process of monitoring and managing the profit margins of products or services.
Market research
Market research is the process of collecting and analyzing data and information about a specific market, industry, or target audience.
Marketing mix
The marketing mix refers to the combination of marketing tactics and strategies that a company uses to promote its products or services.
Master carton
A master carton, also known as a shipping carton or case pack, is a larger container used for shipping and storing multiple individual units or products.
MCB
Manufacturer Chargeback
Charges sent from distributors to manufacturers, calculated on the number of product cases shipped to a retailer.
MDB
Multidimensional Database
A kind of database which is optimized for OLAP (Online Analytical Processing) applications and data warehousing. MDB can be easily created by using the input of relational database.
Merchandise Mix
The breadth and depth of the products carried by retailers. Also known as product mix.
Merchandiser
A merchandiser is a person or role responsible for planning, managing, and promoting the sale of products or goods within a retail or wholesale setting.
Merchandising
Merchandising refers to the activities and strategies undertaken to promote and sell products effectively.
Merchandising Condition
Merchandising condition refers to the specific type of merchandising tactic.
Merchandising Efficiency
Merchandising efficiency refers to the effectiveness of a merchandising activity to produce incremental sales.
MOQ
Minimum Order Quantity
Minimum Order Quantity is the lowest quantity of a product that a supplier or manufacturer is willing to sell in a single order.
ML
Machine Learning
Machine learning, a component of artificial intelligence, is a computer science field that makes use of statistical strategies to provide the facility to “learn” with data on the computer. Machine learning is used for exploiting the opportunities hidden in big data.
MULO
Multi-Outlet
Refers to a data set that combines sales data from multiple retail channels or outlets. It provides a comprehensive view of sales performance across various retail channels, such as grocery stores, drugstores, mass merchandisers, and convenience stores.
Natural Channel
The natural channel refers to a specific distribution channel or retail segment that specializes in natural, organic, and health-focused products.
Net revenue
Net revenue, also known as net sales or net income, represents the total revenue earned by a company after deducting any discounts, returns, allowances, and sales-related expenses.
NIV
Net Invoice Value
Refers to the total amount of an invoice after deducting any discounts, allowances, or rebates.
Non-Additive Fact
Non-additive fact refers to a type of data or measure in business intelligence and data analytics that cannot be aggregated or calculated by simple addition.
Non-Promoted Sales
Non-promoted sales refer to the volume or revenue generated by a product or brand without any specific promotional activities or marketing interventions.
NPS
Net Promoter Score
A customer loyalty and satisfaction metric used to assess the likelihood of customers recommending a company, product, or service to others.
Nutritional sheet
A nutritional sheet, also known as a nutrition facts sheet or nutrition label, provides detailed information about the nutritional content of a food or beverage product.
OI
Off Invoice
Refers to a type of trade promotion or discount that is applied directly to the invoice or sales transaction at the time of purchase.
OLAP
Online Analytic Processing
It is the process by which analysis of multidimensional data is done by using three operators – drill-down, consolidation, and slice and dice.
OTD
On-Time Delivery
Refers to the ability to deliver goods or services to customers within the agreed-upon or expected timeframe. It is a measure of reliability and fulfillment of delivery commitments.
OOS
Out of Stock
An item that is authorized to sell in a store and has shelf space, but no product is available.
Operating profit margin %
Operating profit margin % is a financial metric that indicates the profitability of a company's core operations.
Operations
Operations refer to the activities and processes involved in running and managing a business.
Order capture
Order capture, also known as order acquisition, is the process of collecting and recording customer orders or purchase requests.
Order fulfillment
Order fulfillment refers to the complete process of receiving, processing, and delivering customer orders.
Order predictions
Order predictions, also known as demand predictions or order forecasting, are estimates or projections of future customer demand for products or services.
Overpulls
Overpulls, in the context of inventory management or production planning, refers to the situation where more products or materials are pulled from inventory or produced than what is actually needed.
P&L
Profit & Loss
A financial statement that summarizes a company's revenues, costs, and expenses over a specific period of time, typically a quarter or a fiscal year.
Packaging
Packaging refers to the materials and design used to enclose, protect, and present products.
Payments & collection
Payments & collection refers to the processes and activities involved in receiving and processing payments from customers.
Perpetual Inventory System
A perpetual inventory system is a method of tracking and managing inventory in real-time. It relies on technology, such as barcode scanning or RFID (radio frequency identification), to continuously monitor inventory levels, stock movements, and product information.
Pitch deck
A pitch deck is a presentation or slide deck used to provide an overview of a business idea, product, or company to potential investors, partners, or stakeholders.
Placement Allowance
Placement allowance, also known as slotting fees or listing fees, is a payment made by manufacturers or suppliers to retailers for securing favorable product placement within retail stores or on retailer websites.
PLC
Product Life Cycle
Represents the stages that a product goes through from its introduction to the market until its eventual decline.
POG
Planogram
A visual representation or diagram that illustrates the placement and arrangement of products within a retail space, such as a store shelf or display area.
POP
Point of Purchase
The setup where retailers plan and execute the promotion of specific products, in the case of brick-and-mortar stores, it’s often near the place where transactions are completed.
POS
Point of Sale
While POS is literally the point where the consumer purchases the product, in this context it typically refers to the data set of sales through the register, or sell-out data.
Post-Event Analysis
The evaluation of promotional effectiveness and efficiency with actual performance data after the event has run.
Predictive Analytics
Predictive analytics is the practice of using data, statistical algorithms, and machine learning techniques to analyze historical and current data in order to make predictions or forecasts about future events or outcomes.
Price Decrease
Price decrease refers to a reduction in the selling price of a product or service.
Price Elasticity
A measure of the relationship between a change in the quantity demanded of a particular good and the change in its price.
Price Elasticity Modeling
Price elasticity modeling is a statistical technique used to measure the responsiveness of customer demand to changes in price.
Price per EQ
Price Per Equivalized Unit
The amount paid by consumers per equivalized unit (can be measured as pounds, ounces, etc.).
Price per Unit
Price per unit refers to the price of a product or service per individual unit or item. It represents the cost of purchasing one unit of the product, regardless of its packaging or presentation.
Pricing
Pricing refers to the process of determining the appropriate selling price for a product or service. It involves considering various factors such as costs, market demand, competition, perceived value, and business objectives.
Private Label
A brand owned by a retailer or supplier.
Product development
Product development refers to the process of creating, designing, and bringing a new product or service to the market. It involves activities such as research, ideation, concept development, prototyping, testing, and commercialization.
Product market fit
Product market fit is a concept that describes the alignment between a product or service and its target market. It refers to the degree to which a product satisfies the needs and demands of a specific market segment.
Product recommendations
Product recommendations are personalized suggestions or recommendations made to customers based on their preferences, past purchase behavior, browsing history, or other relevant data.
Promoted Sales
Promoted sales refer to the sales volume or revenue generated as a result of specific promotional activities or marketing initiatives. It represents the increase in sales directly attributed to promotional efforts, such as advertising, price discounts, special offers, or other promotional strategies.
Promotion
Promotion refers to marketing activities or strategies used to promote or advertise a product, brand, or company to target customers.
Promotion compliance
Promotion compliance refers to whether the paid for and agreed-upon activities occurred on the retailer side.
Promotion planning & execution
Promotion planning and execution involve the strategic development, implementation, and management of promotional campaigns and activities.
Promotional Lift
Promotional lift refers to the incremental or additional sales generated as a result of a specific promotion or marketing activity compared to baseline sales without the promotion.
Purchase Allowance
Purchase allowance is a discount or price reduction provided by a manufacturer or supplier to a retailer or customer as an incentive to purchase a product.
Purchase Frequency
Purchase frequency refers to the rate at which customers make repeat purchases of a particular product or from a specific brand.
Purchase Size
Purchase size refers to the quantity or value of products or services purchased by a customer in a single transaction. It represents the amount spent by the customer during the purchase.
Quality Merchandising
Quality merchandising refers to the activities that generate the highest promotional lift. In the context of syndicated POS data, this is generally Features and Displays.
Rebate
A rebate is a partial refund or return of a portion of the purchase price provided to customers after they have made a qualifying purchase.
Reconciliation
Reconciliation refers to the process of comparing and aligning two sets of records or accounts to ensure accuracy and consistency. In the context of trade promotion management, it refers to the financial settlement of a short payment or deduction.
Reefer freight
Refrigerated freight
Reefer freight, short for refrigerated freight, refers to the transportation of goods that require temperature-controlled environments during transit.
ROM
Rest of Market
Refers to a particular retailer's trademarket, excluding the retailer’s own stores.
Reset
Reset, in the context of retail, refers to a comprehensive rearrangement and reorganization of merchandise and displays within a store.
Retail
Retail refers to the process of selling goods or services directly to consumers for personal use or consumption.
Retail Channels
Retail channels refer to the different avenues or methods through which products or services are made available to consumers in the retail market.
Retail Trade Promotion
Promotional activity at a retailer aimed at increasing consumer pull.
Retailer
A retailer is a business or individual that sells products or services directly to consumers. Retailers are the final link in the supply chain and play a critical role in making products available to the public.
RMA
Retailer Marketing Area
Also known as “Trading Area” (TA) – a geographic area (used for reporting) created in relation to individual retailers. In the context of syndicated POS data, this term pertains to the sales data of the retailer's own stores, excluding any data related to competing stores or competitors.
Return rate
Refers to the percentage of products or purchases that are returned by customers to a retailer.
RGM
Revenue Growth Management
A strategic approach that aims to optimize a company's revenue growth by maximizing the sales and profitability of its products or services. RGM typically includes pricing optimization, promotion effectiveness, product mix analysis, and trade spend optimization.
RM
Retailer Margin
Retailer Margin is calculated as a percentage of the product's selling price. For example, if a retailer purchases a product from a supplier for $50 and sells it to a customer for $100, the Retailer Margin would be $50 or 100% of the cost.
ROI
Return on Investment
A financial metric used to measure the profitability of an investment or project, (Net Profit / Cost of Investment) x 100.
RTM
Route to Market
The way a retailer provides the products to the target demographic at the right time. It’s the channel or model of distribution that allows companies to sell their products to shoppers.
S&OP
Sales and Operations Planning
A cross-functional business process that aligns sales forecasts, production plans, inventory levels, and other operational activities to meet customer demand while optimizing resources and minimizing costs.
SaaS
Software as a Service
SaaS allows vendors to host an application and then make this application available over the internet. The SaaS services are provided in the cloud by SaaS providers.
Sales forecasting
The process of estimating or predicting future sales levels, typically within a specified time period. It involves analyzing historical sales data, market trends, customer behavior, and other relevant factors to forecast the expected sales volume and revenue.
Sales per $MM ACV
Sales per Million
A metric used to measure the sales performance of a product or brand normalized for distribution.
SPPD
Sales per Point of Distribution
A metric used to measure the average sales generated per point of distribution or retail outlet. It represents the sales performance or productivity of each individual distribution point.
SPPD is calculated by dividing the total sales revenue by the number of distribution points or retail outlets. SPPD does not take into account distribution points of different sizes.
Sampling
The distribution or provision of free product samples to potential customers or target audiences.
Scans
Refer to the process of using barcode scanners or other scanning devices to capture product information at the point of sale.
Scenario Planning
A strategic management technique used to explore and prepare for potential future events or situations that could impact a business.
Sell sheet
A sales sheet or product sheet, is a marketing tool that provides key information about a product or service to potential buyers or customers.
Share of shelf intelligence
A measurement or analysis of a brand's or product's presence and visibility on retail shelves compared to competing brands or products.
Shelf Price
The retail price of a product as displayed or listed on a store shelf or in-store display.
Shortages
An inadequate supply of a product to meet customer demand or fulfill orders.
SKU
Stock Keeping Unit
SKUs are comprehensive descriptions of purchasable items, encompassing all attributes like size, color, and other relevant data crucial for tracking a store's inventory. These SKUs are identified and labeled using UPC codes, providing a unique and standardized way to track products across the supply chain.
SMBs
Small to Medium-Sized Businesses
Companies that fall within a certain range of size and revenue, typically smaller than large enterprises but larger than micro-businesses or sole proprietorships.
SOP
Standard Operating Procedure
A written document that outlines the steps, procedures, and guidelines for performing a particular task or process.
Specialty Channel
A specific distribution or retail channel that focuses on niche or specialized products within a particular industry or market segment.
SQL
Structured Query Language
SQL is a standard programming language that is used to retrieve and manage data in a relational database. This language is very useful to create and query relational databases.
Static Panel aka Longitudinal Panel
Refers to a group of individuals or entities that are surveyed or studied repeatedly over a specific period. Household panels typically employ longitudinal methodology.
Stock Capacity
The maximum amount or volume of goods or products that can be held or stored by a business or organization at a given time.
Supply chain
The interconnected network of organizations, individuals, activities, resources, and processes involved in the production, distribution, and delivery of goods or services to end customers.
Sustainability
Refers to practices that aim to meet present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
SDCG
Sustainably Distributed Consumer Goods
Refers to consumer goods that are produced, distributed, and consumed in a manner that aligns with sustainable principles.
Sweepstakes
A promotional campaign or contest in which participants have the chance to win prizes through a random drawing or selection process.
Syndicated Data
IRI/Nielsen POS data. Provides consumer purchases, both non-promoted and promoted, with a merchandising audit of various promotion tactics.
TDPs
Total Distribution Points
The total number of distribution locations or points where a product or brand is available for purchase or distribution.
TI HI
Tier Index and Height Index
Used in logistics and supply chain management to indicate the stacking configuration or placement of products on pallets or containers.
Tie-In Promotion
A marketing strategy that involves linking the sales or promotion of one product or service to another related product or service.
Tiered price
A pricing strategy in which the price of a product or service varies based on different tiers or levels, typically determined by the volume purchased.
Top-Down & Bottom-Up Planning
Two distinct approaches to developing plans or strategies within an organization where you either push a topline number down through the product and geography hierarchy, or build a plan from aggregating from the lower levels. Most companies emply both.
TPM
Trade Promotion Management
The process of budgeting, allocating, promotional planning and execution, reconciliations,reconciliations and creating financial accruals.
TPO
Trade Promotion Optimization
A process that involves using data and analytics to optimize trade promotions to maximize their impact on sales and profitability.
TPR
Temporary Price Reduction
A sale price indicated by a shelf tag in store, where the price is reduced for a specific period of time.
TPx
Trade Promotion (x includes trade promotion management, trade promotion optimization and effectiveness analytics)
According to the Promotion Optimization Institute (POI), TPx is inclusive of trade promotion management, trade promotion optimization, trade promotion effectiveness and analytics.
Trade Marketing
An increase of consumer demand with marketing strategies at the channel, account or store level. Or the department within a consumer goods organization that manages the above.
Trade Spend
The funds or investments made by manufacturers or suppliers in promotional activities, incentives, and marketing support provided to retailers or trade partners.
TA
Trading Area
A defined geographic or demographic region in which a retailer or business operates or targets its marketing efforts.
UCS Ordering System
Uniform Communications System Ordering System
A standardized electronic ordering system used in the retail industry for placing product orders with suppliers or manufacturers.
UPC
Universal Product Code
A special code printed on product packaging that allows for the identification of a particular item. It consists of two components—a unique series of black bars, which serves as a machine-readable barcode, and a 12-digit number placed below it.
Variable trade spend
The portion of trade spending or promotional investments where spend is generated per unit sold, the total spend varies based on volume.
Vendor Shop
Refers to a dedicated retail space or area within a larger store or online marketplace that is specifically designated for a particular vendor or supplier.
Visits
Refer to interactions or engagements with customers, clients, or prospects. It could include sales visits, customer service visits, marketing visits, or any other type of planned or scheduled interactions.
Warehouse
A dedicated facility or storage space used for storing and managing inventory or goods.
Warehousing
The process of managing, storing, and handling goods within a warehouse.
Weekly Sales Log
A record or documentation of sales activities, transactions, and performance on a weekly basis.
Wholesaler
A business entity that buys goods or products in bulk from manufacturers or suppliers and sells them in smaller quantities to retailers or other businesses. Wholesalers act as intermediaries between producers and retailers, providing a distribution channel for goods to reach the market.
WTD
Weighted
A measurement used in distribution which gives more “credit” for distribution to larger stores than smaller retail outlets.
YTD
Year to Date
Refers to a period of time from the beginning of the current fiscal or calendar year up to the present day.
Zero Suppression
A data compression or storage technique used to eliminate or reduce the storage of zero values in a dataset or database.
ZBB
Zero-Based Budgeting
A budgeting approach in which each budget cycle starts from a baseline of zero, requiring all expenses and activities to be justified and approved from scratch.